Embracing Peace: The ULFA Peace Accord and Assam !!

DILIP DAIMARY

In a historic turn of events on December 29, 2023, Assam witnessed the signing of a momentous tripartite Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) between the pro-talks faction of the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA), the Government of India, and the Government of Assam.

The signing ceremony, graced by the distinguished presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Union Home Secretary Ajay Kumar Bhalla, I.B. Director Tapan Deka and Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, marked a significant milestone in the history of a region that has grappled with insurgency for over four decades.

The ULFA Chronicles: The genesis of the ULFA can be traced back to 1979 when it emerged from the crucible of Assam’s struggle against undocumented immigrants.

The demand for an independent state of Assam fueled a militant insurgency that persisted for years, resulting in violence, loss of lives, and a protracted struggle for autonomy.

However, internal divisions within the group eventually led to the creation of the pro-talks faction, led by Arabinda Rajkhowa and Anup Chetia, and the ULFA (Independent) faction, under the leadership of the elusive Paresh Barua.

The peace talks gained momentum when leaders from the pro-talks faction, including Rajkhowa and Anup Chetia, decided to return to Assam from their foreign sanctuaries.

The signing of the peace accord on December 29 marked the culmination of 12 years of negotiations, offering a glimmer of hope for lasting peace in the insurgency-stricken state.

Elements of the Peace Accord

Renouncement of Violence: A pivotal departure from their militant past, the pro-talks faction committed to renouncing violence, surrendering arms and ammunition, and disbanding their armed organization. This commitment symbolized a turning point, signifying the group’s dedication to a new era of peaceful coexistence.

Government Commitments: The Government of India pledged an economic package exceeding ₹1.5 lakh crore for Assam’s comprehensive development. This package spans infrastructure, national highways, railway lines, industries, and various projects aimed at catalyzing holistic growth in the region.

Embracing Peace: The ULFA Peace Accord and Assam — United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) signed a tripartite Memorandum of Settlement pact with the Centre and the Assam government in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma

Disbandment of ULFA: In adherence to the accord, the ULFA pro-talks faction will disband within two months of the signing. A two-member committee will oversee the agreement’s implementation, emphasizing a commitment to the peace process.

Peace and Stability: Union Home Minister Amit Shah emphasized the government’s commitment to establishing lasting peace in the Northeast, particularly Assam. The successful implementation of the agreement is expected to eliminate violent groups in Assam and foster an environment of stability and tranquility.

Sociopolitical Milestone: The peace accord is being hailed as a landmark development in Assam’s sociopolitical landscape. It addresses the protracted issues related to insurgency, violence, and armed struggle that have persisted for over four decades, offering a ray of hope for a more peaceful future.

The Opposition’s Skepticism: While the government views the accord as a significant achievement, there are voices of skepticism within the opposition. Some political leaders have referred to it as a “half-baked solution” and questioned the absence of certain key elements, such as a reference to the Assam Accord.

Delimitation and Indigenous Rights: The agreement tackles the delimitation of constituencies, assuring that the principles applied in recent exercises will be followed in the future. Promises have been made to safeguard the rights of indigenous people, protect land rights, and review the National Register of Citizens (NRC) to address irregularities.

Development Projects: The accord outlines a comprehensive development package, including projects related to education, culture, sports infrastructure, tourism, and economic initiatives. The government aims to invest in 60 projects, contributing to the overall development of the state.

Committee Formation: A time-bound program for the implementation of the agreement will be developed by the Ministry of Home Affairs, and a monitoring committee will be formed to oversee the fulfillment of the commitments.

The Exclusion of ULFA (Independent) Faction: Notably, the peace accord excludes the ULFA (Independent) faction led by Paresh Barua, which has sought discussions on the issue of “sovereignty.” The signing of the accord with the pro-talks faction is seen as a step toward creating conditions for broader peace in the region, including potential negotiations with the ULFA (Independent) faction.

The Socioeconomic Implications: Beyond the political and security dimensions, the ULFA Peace Accord holds significant socioeconomic implications for Assam. The economic package promised by the government, exceeding ₹1.5 lakh crore, is a testament to the commitment to address the developmental needs of the region comprehensively. This multifaceted investment spans crucial sectors such as infrastructure, industries, education, and tourism.

The infrastructure development projects, including national highways and railway lines, are poised to enhance connectivity and accessibility, laying the groundwork for economic growth. The creation of industries and the emphasis on economic initiatives are expected to generate employment opportunities, fostering prosperity and stability.

Inclusivity and Indigenous Rights: The assurance to safeguard the rights of indigenous people and protect land rights addresses longstanding concerns related to demographic changes and illegal migration. The commitment to review the National Register of Citizens (NRC) acknowledges the need for a comprehensive and accurate record of residents, mitigating concerns related to citizenship and identity.

The delimitation of constituencies, guided by principles such as the rate of population growth, density, historicity, and geographical continuity, is a step toward ensuring fair representation and political empowerment for indigenous communities. The emphasis on indigenous rights is crucial for preserving the unique cultural and demographic fabric of Assam.

Addressing Opposition Concerns: While the government celebrates the ULFA Peace Accord as a landmark achievement, opposition voices have raised valid concerns. The absence of explicit references to the Assam Accord in the peace agreement has sparked skepticism among political leaders who stress the importance of addressing historical agreements that have shaped the state’s trajectory.

In a diverse and politically charged landscape, achieving broad-based acceptance of the accord requires transparent communication, inclusive dialogue, and a commitment to addressing the concerns of all stakeholders. The road to lasting peace is often fraught with challenges, and the success of the accord hinges on navigating these challenges effectively.

The Excluded ULFA (Independent) Faction: The exclusion of the ULFA (Independent) faction led by Paresh Barua raises critical questions about the inclusivity of the peace process. While the accord with the pro-talks faction marks a significant step forward, achieving comprehensive peace in Assam necessitates engaging with all relevant stakeholders.

The elusive Paresh Barua, who remains outside the peace agreement, continues to represent a potent challenge. His faction’s insistence on discussions about “sovereignty” underscores the complex nature of the issues at stake. The government’s ability to create conditions conducive to dialogue with the ULFA (Independent) faction will determine the comprehensiveness of the peace achieved.

Assam accord — So called ‘Historic Assam Accord’, 1985 signed with the Assam Agitation Leaders byGovt of India; still not implemented !

As Assam embarks on this transformative journey, the successful implementation of the ULFA Peace Accord will require sustained efforts, transparency, and collaboration between all stakeholders. The echoes of the peace accord are reverberating, and the hope is that they resonate with the dreams and aspirations of every citizen in Assam, paving the way for a brighter and more harmonious tomorrow.

The ULFA Peace Accord represents a beacon of hope for a region that has borne the brunt of insurgency and violence for far too long. It is a testament to the power of dialogue, negotiation, and the collective will to forge a path toward peace and prosperity. The economic commitments, political assurances, and emphasis on indigenous rights signal a comprehensive approach to addressing the multifaceted challenges that have gripped Assam.

However, the journey toward lasting peace is inherently complex, and the success of the accord will depend on the ability to navigate the intricacies of Assam’s sociopolitical landscape. Inclusivity, transparency, and a commitment to addressing historical agreements will be pivotal in ensuring that the dividends of peace reach every corner of the state.

As Assam turns the page on a new chapter, the hope is that the ULFA Peace Accord becomes a model for conflict resolution and peacebuilding in other regions facing similar challenges. The resilience of the people of Assam, coupled with the commitment of leaders and stakeholders, has the potential to transform a region once marked by conflict into a beacon of harmony, development, and coexistence.

The journey ahead is undoubtedly challenging, but the pursuit of peace is a collective responsibility that transcends political affiliations and individual interests. As the sun sets on the era of insurgency, may it rise on a landscape illuminated by the promise of a peaceful and prosperous Assam.

30-12-2023

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