Relevance and Implications of the Proposed Accord with ULFA in Assam

MOHAN KHOUND

As the sun sets on the year 2023, Assam finds itself on the precipice of a historic moment – the signing of a tripartite peace accord on today, at 5 P.M., December 29th, 2023.

This accord involves the pro-talks faction of the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA), the Central Government, and the Assam State Government.

The impending signing has spurred extensive debates and discussions about its relevance, potential impact, and the challenges it may encounter in addressing the multifaceted socio-political issues that have persisted in the northeastern state for decades.

Historical Roots of Conflict: ULFA and its Factional Split

Relevance and Implications of the Proposed Accord with ULFA in Assam — ULFA leaders in Delhi to sign the accord

To comprehend the significance of the proposed accord, one must delve into the historical roots of the conflict that led to the formation of ULFA in 1979.

Born out of an agitation against undocumented immigrants from Bangladesh, ULFA evolved into a militant outfit, demanding a ‘sovereign Assam.’

However, the landscape shifted in 2011 when the organization experienced a significant split.

The pro-talks faction, led by Arabinda Rajkhowa and Anup Chetia, opted for negotiations and unconditional talks with the government, signaling a departure from its militant past. In contrast, the ULFA(Independent) faction, led by Paresh Barua, remained steadfast in its opposition to talks without the inclusion of a ‘sovereignty’ clause.

Pro-Talks ULFA Faction’s Objectives and Demands

The pro-talks faction of ULFA, led by Arabinda Rajkhowa and Anup Chetia, has consistently articulated its objectives through a 12-point charter that encompasses constitutional and political reforms. These reforms are envisioned to safeguard the identity and resources of Assam’s indigenous people.

Key demands include constitutional amendments, protection of indigenous identity, sustainable resource management, and fair financial arrangements. The decision to engage in peace talks represents a strategic shift and a commitment to resolving issues through dialogue and negotiation.

The Anticipation Surrounding the Accord

The proposed tripartite accord is poised to address a spectrum of issues, including political, economic, and social concerns specific to Assam. The involvement of the Central Government, Assam State Government, and the pro-talks ULFA faction suggests a collaborative effort to find a comprehensive solution.

The accord is expected to provide cultural safeguards and land rights to the indigenous population, marking a significant step towards ensuring the well-being and empowerment of the people of Assam.

Skepticism from Opposition and Civil Society

Despite the optimism surrounding the peace accord, skepticism abounds, particularly from opposition parties and civil society in Assam. A primary concern revolves around the exclusion of the ULFA(Independent) faction from the peace process. Critics argue that a truly inclusive and lasting solution necessitates the participation of all factions, emphasizing the need for comprehensive talks to address the diverse concerns of the Assamese people.

Political Timing and Election Speculations

The timing of the accord’s signing has become a subject of scrutiny, with opposition leaders suggesting that it might be strategically aligned with the electoral agenda of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The skepticism revolves around the possibility of the accord being perceived as an election gimmick ahead of the 2024 Lok Sabha polls.

Such speculations highlight the challenges of navigating political considerations while attempting to achieve a genuine and lasting peace settlement.

Crucial to the success of this historic accord is the role of Tapan Deka, IPS, Director Intelligence Bureau. As the key person overseeing the intricate negotiations and final touches of the peace agreement, Deka’s strategic acumen and diplomatic finesse are integral to ensuring a smooth and effective resolution. His leadership in coordinating discussions with the ULFA faction and navigating the complexities of the peace process underscore the significance of his role.

Calls for Inclusive Talks and Comprehensive Solutions

Leaders of opposition parties, including Congress Legislature Party (CLP) leader Debabrata Saikia and Raijor Dal head Akhil Gogoi, have emphasized the importance of inclusive talks that involve all sections of the ULFA.

Saikia urged Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma to ensure the participation of the ULFA(Independent) faction, stating that a permanent solution necessitates dialogue with all factions. Akhil Gogoi stressed that for the accord to be meaningful, it should result in more power or special status for Assam under the Constitution.

ULFA GOI — ULFA leaders with Tapan Deka in Delhi (28-12-2023)

Concerns Over Implementation and Transparency

The historical pattern of incomplete implementation of previous accords has fueled concerns among civil society organizations. Assam Jatiya Parishad‘s Jagadish Bhuyan emphasized the need for transparency regarding the outcome of discussions and the clauses included in the accord.

Bhuyan urged that the accord should safeguard the economic, cultural, social, and political rights of the indigenous people, while few others expressed doubts about the transparency of the process.

Assessing the Broader Implications: Balancing Political Imperatives and Aspirations

As Assam anticipates the signing of the tripartite peace accord, the discourse surrounding its relevance underscores the complexities of achieving a lasting resolution to the state’s issues. While the accord holds the promise of addressing longstanding concerns and fostering stability, the absence of the ULFA(Independent) faction and concerns over political timing necessitate careful consideration.

Striking a balance between political imperatives and the genuine aspirations of the Assamese people is paramount for the success of the accord and the broader peace process in the region. The coming days will unfold the impact of this historic agreement on Assam’s socio-political landscape, shaping the narrative of peace and development in the northeastern state.

The proposed accord with the ULFA pro-talks faction, under the astute guidance of Tapan Deka, Director IB, marks both an opportunity and a challenge for Assam. The aspirations for peace and development are intricately intertwined with the need for inclusivity and transparency in the peace process.

As the signing ceremony approaches, Assam stands at a critical juncture, with the hopes of its people riding on the outcome of the accord and the potential for a transformative path towards a more stable and prosperous future.

Sarbananda Sonowal — Union Minister Sarbanada Sonowal is another key-person for the peace initiative with ULFA. He is with PM Modi ( File pic)

29-12-2023

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