The State of Girls' Education in Afghanistan: A Call for Urgent Action!

The State of Girls’ Education in Afghanistan! A Call for Urgent Action!

Farkhunda Hayat

Introduction

Since the Taliban‘s takeover of Afghanistan in 2021, the landscape for girls’ education has deteriorated sharply.

Schools have reopened, but girls remain banned from secondary-level classes for the third consecutive year. This ongoing ban, described as “gender apartheid” by the UN, reflects a severe regression in educational access.

The Taliban’s stringent interpretation of Islamic law has marginalized women, barring them from education beyond Year 6 and significantly impacting their future opportunities.

The State of Girls' Education in Afghanistan: A Call for Urgent Action

While alternative education methods such as online classes and madrasas have emerged, they fall short of replacing formal schooling. The consequences of this ban are profound, leaving millions of girls without access to critical educational opportunities.

yellow and green leafed trees under cloudy sky

Historical Context

The history of girls’ education in Afghanistan has been marked by both progress and setbacks. Under the previous Taliban rule, girls’ education was severely restricted, leading to the emergence of covert schools. Despite these challenges, significant strides were made in recent decades, particularly following the US-led intervention in 2001, which highlighted the Taliban’s repression of women.

From 2002 to 2021, there was a notable expansion in educational opportunities for girls, driven by international development efforts and a focus on women’s rights. However, the Taliban’s return in August 2021 halted this progress.

Promises to reopen schools were later retracted, and reports of secret schools have surfaced, but systematic analysis remains scarce. The debate within the Taliban and the international community underscores the complexity of addressing girls’ education in a conflict-affected region.

Current Situation

The Taliban’s policies have imposed a comprehensive ban on female education beyond the age of 11, affecting all levels of schooling, including secondary and higher education. This ban has been in place for over 1,000 days, leaving millions of girls without formal education.

The policies, justified by the Taliban’s strict interpretation of cultural and religious principles, have deepened socio-economic and gender disparities in Afghanistan. Despite internal divisions within the Taliban regarding this issue, the impact on girls is profound, limiting their opportunities for personal and professional development.

Statistics reveal the stark reality: prior to the Taliban’s takeover, approximately 3.7 million girls were enrolled in schools. Today, UNESCO estimates that around 85% of Afghan girls are deprived of formal education.

Anecdotal evidence highlights the desperate measures families are taking to educate their daughters, including homeschooling and clandestine schooling, despite significant risks. These statistics and stories underscore the urgent need for global action to support girls’ education in Afghanistan.

Impact on Girls and Society

The denial of education to girls has immediate and long-term consequences. In the short term, it limits career opportunities and perpetuates cycles of poverty. In the long term, it contributes to higher rates of maternal and child mortality and impedes social and economic development. Education empowers girls to make informed decisions, advocate for their rights, and participate in societal processes.

Without education, girls are more vulnerable to gender-based discrimination, violence, and exploitation, perpetuating existing inequalities. Addressing barriers to girls’ education is crucial for promoting social development, economic growth, and gender equality.

International Response

The international community has widely condemned the Taliban’s education policies. Efforts include UN resolutions urging the Taliban to uphold the rights of women and girls, sanctions aimed at pressuring the regime, and humanitarian aid focused on alternative education opportunities. Advocacy campaigns led by figures like Malala Yousafzai have raised global awareness and mobilized support.

However, these strategies have had limited success in changing Taliban policies or effectively delivering aid due to the volatile situation. Enhanced diplomatic pressure, support for underground education initiatives, and collaboration with neighboring countries are needed to provide safe educational environments for Afghan girls.

Role of Education Activism

Education activism is crucial in advocating for girls’ right to education in restrictive environments. Activists raise awareness, mobilize support, and apply pressure on governments and international bodies to protect and promote educational rights. The global movement inspired by Malala Yousafzai exemplifies the impact of activism, leading to the establishment of the Malala Fund, which supports girls’ education worldwide.

In Afghanistan, activism has driven the development of underground schools and alternative learning methods, showcasing the power of collective action in confronting oppressive regimes. Support for these efforts through donations, advocacy, and awareness-raising is essential for advancing girls’ education.

Conclusion

The situation for girls’ education in Afghanistan is critical and requires immediate attention. The ban on education for girls beyond the age of 11 has severely impacted school enrollment and deprived millions of Afghan girls of their basic rights. The international community must continue to advocate for change, support underground education initiatives, and apply sustained pressure on the Taliban regime.

By standing together, we can help ensure that every Afghan girl has the opportunity to learn and build a brighter future.

References

UNICEF. (n.d.). Investing in Girls’ Education: Transforming Communities and Promoting Gender Equality. Retrieved from [insert URL if available]
Farag, M. (2024, March 20). Secondary-age girls banned as school starts in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan. The National. [Insert URL if available]
Unterhalter, E. (2021). The Evolution of Girls’ Education in Afghanistan: From Covert Schools to Global Initiatives. Journal of Education in Conflict Zones, 15(3), 217-230.
Maddox, B., Akbar, S., Sakhi, N., & Hurlburt, H. (2024). The Impact of the Taliban’s Ban on Girls’ Education in Afghanistan: A 1,000-Day Review. Independent Thinking Podcast. Chatham House. Retrieved from Chatham House Podcasts
UNICEF. (2019). Education under attack in Afghanistan. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/reports/education-under-attack
Malala Fund. (n.d.). Malala Fund – Championing every girl’s right to 12 years of free, safe, quality education. Retrieved from https://malala.org/

Writer Farkhunda Hayat is an education activist

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